Advisory Board

Karl Dietrich Bracher
Professor of Political Science and Contemporay History, University of Bonn

Samuel Brittan
Assistant Editor, Financial Times, London

Lucio Caracciolo
Editor, Limes, Rome

Hélène Carrère d’Encausse
Perpetual Secretary, Académie Française, Paris

Jean Claude Casanova
Editor, Commentaire, Paris

Lord Ralf Dahrendorf
Philosopher, Political Scientist and Politician, Oxford

Vicomte Etienne Davignon
President, Royal Institute for International Relations, Brussels

Jean Luc Domenach
Director, Centre d’Études et Recherches Internationales, Paris

Ferenc Fejtö
Historian and Writer, Paris

Curt Gasteyger
President, Association for the Promotion and the Study of International Security, Geneva

Brendan Halligan
Chairman, Institute of European Affairs, Dublin

Pierre Hassner
Professor of International Relations, Institut d’Études Politiques, Paris

Alfred Herrhausen
Speaker of the Board, Deutsche Bank (Assassinated November 30, 1989)

Serge July
Editor, Libération, Paris

Edward Luttwak
Senior Adviser, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington

Floris A. Maljers
Board of Directors, RAND Europe Corporation, Cambridge-Leiden-Berlin

Margarita Mathiopoulos
Professor of International Security, University of Potsdam

François-Xavier Ortoli
Director, Marceau Investments and Total Fina Elf, Paris

Francisco Pinto Balsemao
Chairman, European Publishers Council, Lisbon and Brussels

Renato Ruggiero
Vicepresident, Schroder Salomon Smith Barney International, London

Giovanni Sartori
Emeritus Professor of Political Science, Columbia University, New York

Michael Sturmer
Professor of History, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg

Peter Sutherland
Chairman, The European Policy Centre, Bruxelles

Werner Weidenfeld
Director, Center for Applied Policy Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich

	Karl Dietrich Bracher is Professor of Political Science and Contemporary History at the University of Bonn. Prof. Bracher is the best known German historian of the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. He taught at the Free University of Berlin between 1950-1958 and at the University of Bonn from 1959 onwards. He is Emeritus of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy, Member of the American Philosophical Society, Member of the Historische Kommission zu Berlin, of the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung, and of the Nordrhein-Westfälische Akademie. Bracher is "Träger des Ordens" pour le mérite.
	Samuel Brittan has been one of the Financial Times' leading columnists for nearly thirty years. He has also advised numerous Chancellors of the Exchequer on economic policy. He is an Honorary Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge. He has been Visiting Professor at the Chicago Law School, a Visiting Fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford and an Honorary Professor of Politics at the University of Warwick . He has been awarded the George Orwell, Senior Harold Wincott and Ludwig Erhard prizes. He was knighted in 1993 for "services to economic journalism" and also became that year a "Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur". For more on Brittan see www.samuelbrittan.co.uk
	Lucio Caracciolo is the Editor of Limes, Italian Review of Geopolitics, the leading publication in Italy in international affairs. Since 2000 he also directs Heartland, Eurasian Review of Geopolitics. From 1976 to 1982 he has been editor and then head of the political division of la Repubblica. Dr. Caracciolo is a commentator for numerous Italian and foreign newspapers and has written articles and essays for Italian, German, American, and French scientific publications. He teaches Political and Economic Geography in the Third University of Rome.
	Hélène Carrère d’Encausse is the Permanent Secretary of the Académie Française (elected in 1990 and second woman to be admitted to the French Academy in its 350 years of existence). Hon. Doctor in History, Hon. Doctor in Literature and Social Sciences, she has been European deputy and Vicepresident of the Commission for Foreign Affairs. Her real name is Hélène Zourabichvili and she is a leading French authority on Russian and Slavic history. She is also the author of The Russian Syndrome, Big Brother, and The Great Challenge. For more on Carrére d'Encausse see her profile on Wikipédia.
	Jean-Claude Casanova is the Editor of Commentaire, Paris. He is a Fellow of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences of the Institut de France, Professor Emeritus at the Institut d'études politiques de Paris and Honorary Professor of the Faculties of Law. Professor Casanova has served in the ministerial cabinets of several governments. In 1978, he founded the journal "Commentaire" with Raymond Aron, and has written regularly for L'Express, Le Figaro and Le Monde. He is the author of numerous books and articles on economics and on the economy of both France and the European Union.
	Ralf Gustav Baron Dahrendorf, is a German-British sociologist, philosopher and politician. He has been Professor of sociology in Hamburg, Tübingen and Konstanz University from 1958. From 1969 to 1970 he has been a member of the German parliament for the Free Democratic Party, the German liberals, and a Secretary of State in the Foreign Office. In 1970 he became a Commissioner in the European Commission in Brussels. From 1974 to 1984 he has been director of the London School of Economics and from 1987 to 1997 Warden of St. Antony's College, Oxford at Oxford University. Having adopted British nationality in 1988, in 1993 Dahrendorf has granted a life peerage and has been created Baron Dahrendorf of Clare Market in the City of Westminster by Queen Elizabeth II.
	Viscount Etienne Davignon is the President of the Belgian Royal Institute for International Relations. Previously, he held various high-level positions in the Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, before becoming European Economic Community Vice President from 1977-1984. He is the author of the "Davignon Report" on European political cooperation and foreign policy. Viscount Davignon has had a successful career in the private sector as well, serving as Chairman and then Vice-Chairman of Société Générale de Belgique. He is currently a member of the Board of several multinational companies. He is also Chairman of the Paul-Henri Spaak Foundation and Chairman of the Board of the Institut Catholique des Hautes Etudes Commerciales in Brussels.
	Jean Luc Domenach is Director of the Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Internationales, Science-Po, Paris. Professor Domenach has been Researcher at the Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques (FNSP) from 1973, on secondment to the Centre of Research and Planning at the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1979 to 1981. Professor at the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris, he became in 1995 Scientific Director of the FNSP. He is a member of the editorial and advisory boards of several periodical publications including the Revue française de science politique, Politique étrangère, Politique internationale. He is also a member of the French Commission to UNESCO and of several scientific bodies. Jean-Luc Domenach is a knight of the "Ordre National du Mérite".
	Ferenc Fejtö is an historian and writer. Refugee in Paris in 1938, he was naturalised French in 1955. Co-editor of the political and literatural review Szép Szò, he has been editor of a social-democratic daily newspaper in Budapest before becoming associate editor, and specialist of the Eastern European countries with the AFP-Agency France-Press from 1944 to 1974. He has taught in the Institut d'Etudes Politiques of Paris and is member of the advisory board of the review Commentaire. He is "Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur" in France and of the "Flag Order" in Hungary. He is Doctor honoris causa of the Universities of Pécs and Szeged.
	Curt Gasteyger is currently President of the Association for the Promotion and the Study of International Security (APESI). He has been the founder and director of the Programme for Strategic and International Security Studies (PSIS) and Professor of International Relations at the Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales (Genève). He also has been member of the directing staff of the International Institute for Strategic Studes (IISS) in London, then Deputy Director of the Institute for International Affairs in Paris. Author of numerous publications and a consultant to many governments and international organizations, also has been a member of the UN's disarmamant commission. In 2003, he received the "Great Cross of Merit", the highest civilian distinction of the German Republic.
	Brendan Halligan is the Chairman of the Institute of European Affairs, Dublin. Mr. Halligan is an economist and a former Irish Labour Party General-Secretary. Under his ledearship, the Labour Party underwent an energetic reorganisation and he constantly supported a strong commitment to Europe and European affairs. He has been chairman of Bord na Móna from 1985 until 1995 and a non-executive Member of the board of Irish Permanent since 1992. Previously he has been a member of the Oireachtas and of the European Parliament. Mr. Halligan has also been a member of the Irish Council of the European Movement and is Adjunct Professor in European Affairs at the University of Limerick.
	Pierre Hassner is Professor of International Relations at the Institut d'Études Politiques of Paris. He is also emeritus Research Director of Centre d’Etudes de Recherches Internationales (CERI), and lectures in international relations and the history of political thought at the European Center of Johns Hopkins University in Bologna. A philosophy graduate of the École Normale Supérieure, in addition to being a philosopher and geopolitician, Hassner is one of France’s foremost thinkers on global political economy and international institutions. For more on Hassner see his profile on CERI.
	Alfred Herrhausen was the Speaker of the Board of the Deutsche Bank. He worked hard to improve the image of banks, and at the same time, involve the bank in socio-political issues. In view of the Third World's serious debt problems, Herrhausen was the first representative of a big bank to support debt forgiveness linked with economic reforms. He was an influential proponent of the European unification process and promoted Germany as a strong industrial and research location. During his life, he advocated the development of social responsibility on the part of businesses and their representatives. On November 30, 1989, Alfred Herrhausen was the victim of a terrorist attack whose perpetrators are still unknown today. To his work is dedicated the Alfred Herrhausen Society.
	Serge July is the Editor of the french news daily Libération. He has been one of the prominent figures of the french May 68'. In 1973, he co-founded with Jean Paul Sartre the news daily Libération of wich he is the animator since over thirty years. If in the origin he has been the spokesman of many social fights and movements, he is now one of the most appreciated analysts of society phenomena.
	Edward Luttwak is Senior Adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington. He has served as a consultant to the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the National Security Council, and the U.S. Department of State. He is a member of the National Security Study Group of the U.S. Department of Defense, and an associate of the Japan Finance Ministry's Institute of Fiscal and Monetary Policy. Dr. Luttwak is a frequent lecturer at universities and higher military colleges in the United States and abroad. He was the 1988 Nimitz lecturer at the University of California, Berkeley, and 1989 Tanner lecturer at Yale University. He serves on the editorial boards of Geopolitique (France), the Journal of Strategic Studies, and the Washington Quarterly.
	Floris A. Maljers is member of the RAND Europe Board of Directors and Emeritus Professor of Strategic Management at the Erasmus University, Rotterdam. He served in various functions in Unilever in the Netherlands, Colombia, Turkey and the U.K, then from 1984 to 1994 he has been Chairman and CEO. He also has been Chairman Supervisory Board Philips Electronics N.V. and Vice-chairman Supervisory Board KLM Royal Dutch Airlines. His fields of interest are: Strategic management, more specifically the International aspects, Organisation and structure of multinational companies, Management development and motivation.
	Margarita Mathiopoulos is Honorary Professor of US-Foreign Policy and International Security in the Department of History, University of Potsdam. She is the Founder and Executive Director of the Potsdam Center for Transatlantic Security and Military Affairs. Professor Mathiopoulos has developed expertise on US Foreign Policy and European Defence for governments and public sector industries. She was also Senior Advisor European and North American Markets to the CEO of BAE Systems Plc for portfolio, strategic market-planning, new business and political-industrial co-operation. For more on Mathiopoulos see www.mathiopoulos.de/en/
	François-Xavier Ortoli is Director of Marceau Investissements and Total Fina Elf. From 1962 to 1966, Mr. Ortoli has been director of the Cabinet of the Prime Minister George Pompidou and, from 1967 to 1968, Minister for the Equipment and the Housing and then, from 1969 to 1972, Minister for the Industrial and Scientific Development. In 1973, he has been named President of  the Commission of the European Communities that he served till 1977 and in 1984 as Economic and Financial Affairs Commissioner. Mr. Ortoli is Honorary President of Medef International.
	Francisco Pinto Balsemão currently serves as Chairman of the European Publishers Council and as Chief Executive Officer of Grupo Impresa in Portugal. Balsemao is a  former Prime Minister of Portugal, who served from 1981 to 1983. After working as a journalist and then as an administrator of "Diário Popular" from 1963 to 1971, he founded the Expresso magazine in 1973 and continued to direct it until 1980. Pinto Balsemão made his political debut helping to found the Social Democratic Party (PSD). In 1975 he was elected to the Constituent Assembly, which was charged with drafting a new constitution and served as an interim legislature.
	Renato Ruggiero is Vicepresident of Schroder Salomon Smith Barney International, London. In 1953, Mr. Ruggiero entered the Italian diplomatic service. From 1987 to 1991, he was Italy's Minister for Foreign Trade. After his service in government, he joined the board of directors of FIAT and other Italian, European and American companies. In 1995, Ambassador Ruggiero was elected Director General of the World Trade Organization, where he served until 1999. He also served as Italy's Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2001 to 2002. Since February 2003, Ambassador Ruggiero has been Chairman of Citigroup in Switzerland.
	Giovanni Sartori is Emeritus Professor of Political Science at Columbia University, New York. He served as Dean of the Department of Political Science of the University of Florence from 1969 to 1972, then as Albert Schweitzer Professor in the Humanities at Columbia University from 1979 to 1994, and was later appointed Professor Emeritus. He also has been Professor at the European University Institute of Florence, Stanford, Yale and Harvard University. Professor Sartori has made lasting contributions to the fields of democratic theory, party systems and constitutional engineering and has been awarded of several prizes (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, “Outstanding Book Award” of the American Political Science Association etc.). For more on Sartori see www.giovannisartori.it
	Michael Stürmer has been Professor of history at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg since 1973 and is currently chief correspondent for Springer-Verlag in Berlin. During 1988-1998 he has been Director of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs. He also has been: Research Fellow at Harvard University 1976/77; Member of The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton 1977/78; Visiting Professor of European Studies at University of Toronto 1983/84; Professeur Associé of la Sorbonne 1984/85; Visiting Professor at the School for Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Bologna 1985/86, as well as in 1998/99, Fellow Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin 1999/2000.
	Peter Sutherland is Chairman of the European Policy Centre, Bruxelles, President of The Federal Trust, Lonfon, European Chairman of the Trilateral Commission, Chairman of Goldman Sachs International and of BP plc. Before these appointments he has been the founding Director-General of the World Trade Organisation in 1995. He had previously served as Director General of GATT since July 1993 and was instrumental in concluding the Uruguay GATT Round Negotiations. Prior to this position, he has been Chairman of the Board of Governors of the European Institute of Public Administration, Maastricht. He also served the European Commission (1985-89) as Commisioner in charge of Competition Policy. He was presented with the Robert Schuman Medal for his work on European Integration and the David Rockefeller Award of the Trilateral Commission.
	Werner Weidenfeld is Director of the Center for Applied Policy Research (CAP) Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, member of the executive board, Bertelsmann Foundation, Guetersloh and Professor for political science at Geschwister-School-Institut, University of Munich. From 1975 to 1995, he has been Professor of political science at Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz. He has been associate professor at la Sorbonne, Paris, and from 1987 to 1999 the coordinator of the German government for German-American cooperation.